P
Pearl Paint - A type of paint that is similar to metallic paint, but instead of minute metal particles it uses mica. Mica is a kind
of semi transparent, crystalline mineral that absorbs and reflects light in prismatic fashion. This gives a dramatic, multi-
dimensional effect to the paint. Sometimes called "pearl coat".
Pinion - A gear with a small number of teeth designed to mesh with a larger geared wheel or a rack. Used in rack and pinion
steering and the differential ring and pinion.
Piston - A partly hollow cylindrical part closed at one end, fitted to each of the engine's cylinders and attached to the
crankshaft by a connecting rod. Each piston moves up and down in its cylinder, transmitting power created by the exploding
fuel to the crankshaft via a connecting rod.
Plies - The layers of cord, fiberglass, steel or structural fabric that make up the tire carcass and reinforcing belts.
Ply Rating - A measure of the strength of tires based upon the strength of a single ply of designated construction. An eight-
ply rating does not necessarily mean the tire has eight plies, but rather that the tires has the strength of eight standard plies.
Powertrain - A name applied to the group of components used to transmit engine power to the driving wheels. It can consist
of engine, clutch, transmission, universal joints, drive shaft, differential gear, and axle shafts. Powertrain components are
matched according to driver needs such as high torque, fuel economy or convenience.
Q
Quarter Panel - A sheet metal panel that covers the area from the rear-door opening to the taillight area, and from the bottom
of the surface to the base of the roof, or from the headlamp area to the front-door opening, and from the bottom of the surface
to the base of the hood.
R
Rack and Pinion Steering - A steering gear in which a pinion on the end of the steering shaft merges with a rack of gear teeth
on the major cross member of the steering linkage. When the steering wheel is turned, the pinion gear turns, moving the rack
to the left or right, thus steering the wheels.
Remote Keyless Entry - A system which allows the driver to control the door locks and unlock the trunk or tailgate from up to
6m (20 Ft) away, using a key fob transmitter.
Rustproofing - The process of applying rust-inhibiting chemicals, waxes or sealers to the underside and inside of the
vehicle's body as well as any other rust-prone areas. Not to be confused with undercoating which treats only the underside of
the vehicle. Commercial rustproofing treatments usually include a guaranteed for a certain number of years. Some
guarantees require annual "checkups" to touch up any areas where the rustproofing may have been damaged.
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